Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of the Hybrid Energy System Considering Electric and Thermal Loads

Optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems has been considerably investigated in previous studies. Nevertheless, most studies only focused on providing AC electric loads by renewable sources (RESs) and storage (ESSs). In this paper, a system, including photovoltaic (PV) ESS, fuel cell (FC), natural gas (NG) boiler, thermal load controller (TLC), converter is optimized for supplying different demands. Three scenarios are introduced to investigate the feasibility system. Environmental aspects each system analyzed, as there NG-consuming structure. A sensitivity analysis conducted influential parameters such inflation rate interest rate. Simulation results show that proposed economically technically feasible. The net present cost (NPC) (COE) obtained at $230,223 $0.0409, respectively. indicate TLC plays key role optimal operation PV reduction greenhouse emission productions.